Effect of perioperative lidocaine on metastasis after sevoflurane or ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia for breast tumour resection in a murine model

In this 4T1 murine model of breast cancer, lidocaine decreased pulmonary metastasis when combined with sevoflurane anaesthesia, perhaps via anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. It had no such effect in mice given ketamine anaesthesia.