Enhancing a sedation score to include truly noxious stimulation: the Extended Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (EOAA/S)

The Extended Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (or EOAA/S) extends the range of the widely used MOAA/S score to include truly noxious stimulation, thereby enabling the identification of drug-induced central nervous system depression representative of surgical anaesthesia.