Intranasal application of xenon: describing the pharmacokinetics in experimental animals and the increased pain tolerance within a placebo-controlled experimental human study

In this placebo-controlled experimental human study, we described the increased pain tolerance induced by intranasally applied xenon. On the basis of our results, we conclude that intranasally administered xenon has analgesic properties and suggest that the novel application device presented here offers new possibilities for the administration of NMDAR antagonists within a multimodal analgesia approach.