Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine after racemic ketamine or S-ketamine administration during isoflurane anaesthesia in Shetland ponies

Norketamine enantiomers showed different pharmacokinetic profiles after single i.v. administration of racemic ketamine in ponies anaesthetised with isoflurane in oxygen (1 MAC). Cardiopulmonary variables require further investigation.