High energy-storage properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-BaTiO3-SrTi0.875Nb0.1O3 lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics

New lead-free ferroelectric (0.94-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3-xSrTi0.875Nb0.1O3 (BNBT-STN, x = 0 and 0.2) are synthesized by using a solid state reaction process. In this work, an obvious evolution of dielectric relaxation behavior and slim P-E hysteresis loops with high Pmax and low Pr is observed for BNBT-0.2STN, indicating the dominant of ergodic relaxor phase with dynamic polar nano-regions (PNRs). A relatively large recoverable energy density (Wrec = 1.17 J/cm3) with high energy efficiency (η = 91%) is obtained. Furthermore, it shows small variation (9%) in the temperature range of 30-150 °C and fatigue-free behavior, which can be attributed to the absence of ferroelectric domain in the relaxor phase. The achievement of these characteristics provides that tailoring by B-site vacancies is a potential route when designing a new energy-storage system for BNT-based relaxor ferroelectric materials.