کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
8961661 | 1646504 | 2018 | 24 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
وضعیت نسل چهارم حرارت: تحقیق و نتایج
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی انرژی
انرژی (عمومی)
چکیده انگلیسی
This review article presents a description of contemporary developments and findings related to the different elements needed in future 4th generation district heating systems (4GDH). Unlike the first three generations of district heating, the development of 4GDH involves meeting the challenge of more energy efficient buildings as well as the integration of district heating into a future smart energy system based on renewable energy sources. Following a review of recent 4GDH research, the article quantifies the costs and benefits of 4GDH in future sustainable energy systems. Costs involve an upgrade of heating systems and of the operation of the distribution grids, while benefits are lower grid losses, a better utilization of low-temperature heat sources and improved efficiency in the production compared to previous district heating systems. It is quantified how benefits exceed costs by a safe margin with the benefits of systems integration being the most important.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Energy - Volume 164, 1 December 2018, Pages 147-159
Journal: Energy - Volume 164, 1 December 2018, Pages 147-159
نویسندگان
Henrik Lund, Poul Alberg Ãstergaard, Miguel Chang, Sven Werner, Svend Svendsen, Peter Sorknæs, Jan Eric Thorsen, Frede Hvelplund, Bent Ole Gram Mortensen, Brian Vad Mathiesen, Carsten Bojesen, Neven Duic, Xiliang Zhang, Bernd Möller,