Ferret Lymphoma: The Old and the New

Lymphoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of ferrets. Older ferrets are typically affected with a chronic, lymphocytic form of lymphoma, whereas juvenile ferrets more often acutely develop a lymphoblastic form. Lymphoma in ferrets can affect any organ but most often involves the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, thymus/mediastinum, and kidneys. No definitive cause for lymphoma in ferrets has yet been identified; however, cluster outbreaks of lymphoma among cohabitating ferrets suggest an infectious (possibly viral) etiology. This article reviews potential causes of lymphoma in ferrets. Typical clinical signs depending on tumor location are discussed. Common diagnostic findings are presented, including results of radiographic and ultrasonographic studies, hematology, and histopathologic examination. Treatment options for ferret lymphoma, including chemotherapy and radiation, are outlined.