High Loading Rate During Spinal Manipulation Produces Unique Facet Joint Capsule Strain Patterns Compared With Axial Rotations

The similar patterns observed in vertebral motion and FJC strain across actuation sites during SM and physiological rotations suggest that site specificity of SM may have minimal clinical relevance. High loading rates during lumbar SM resulted in unique patterns in FJC strain, which may result in unique patterns of FJC mechanoreceptor response.