Comparison of Lumbar Epidural Tramadol and Lumbar Epidural Morphine for Pain Relief After Thoracotomy: A Repeated-Dose Study

Conclusion: The study revealed that the quality of analgesia achieved with repeated doses of lumbar epidural tramadol after muscle-sparing thoracotomy is comparable to that achieved with repeated doses of lumbar epidural morphine. Compared with morphine, lumbar epidural tramadol results in less sedation and a less-pronounced decrease in oxygenation.