Expression of the mouse WNK1 gene in correlation with ganglioside GD3 and functional analysis of the mouse WNK1 promoter

WNK1 is one of WNK (With No K=Lysine) protein kinases which comprise a newly described subfamily. Our studies showed that expression of the mouse WNK1 gene was dramatically suppressed in a tumor cell line when its phenotype was altered by suppression of the GD3-synthase gene expression. The mouse WNK1 gene was expressed at a high level at early stage of embryonic brain and its expression decreased as brain developed, similar to the expression pattern of the GD3-synthase gene. To study transcriptional regulation, we cloned a 5′-flanking 1239-bp fragment of the mouse WNK1 gene. This fragment contains a number of potential consensus binding sites for transcription factors, including Sp1, AP2, CCAAT, Est-1, Oct-1, CNBP, and NFkB, but lacks a TATA box. Primer extension identified multiple putative transcriptional initiation sites, including several sites downstream of the ATG codon. Activities of the promoter fragments were assessed in mouse breast Sa/R-MT cells by transient transfection and the results showed that the promoter elements between −700 and −977 is required for maintaining a high level of promoter activity of the TATA-less mouse WNK1 gene.