Neopterin in HIV-1 infection

This review subsumes the importance of neopterin as a marker in HIV-1 infection. Further evidence is increasing, that neopterin derivatives might modulate immune response by interfering with the cellular redox balance, activating redox-sensitive transcription factors, or inducing apoptosis in specific cell types. The possible impact of neopterin derivatives and of other biochemical pathways induced by interferon-γ such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in chronic diseases like HIV-1 infection is discussed.