Tipos de trastornos anómicos en las afasias

The anomic disorders are present in all the aphasic syndromes, but they are very heterogeneous because of their multiple causes, as there are many cognitive processes involved in the oral production. A sample of 28 aphasic patients belonging to different syndromes (Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's, etc.) but all with anomic disorders was analyzed in this study. The goal was to check the variety of anomias and their connection with the classical syndromes. Eight lexical-semantic tasks were applied to those patients, especially picture naming (objects and actions) and semantic (word-picture matching, semantic association, etc.) and phonological tasks (words and pseudowords repetition). On the basis of their results on those tasks the patients were classified in four groups through a discriminant analysis (pure, semantic, phonological and mixed anomia) and the main dissociations between the groups were analyzed (e.g, objects vs. actions naming). Other analysis were also carried out, specifically the correlations between the results in the tasks to check the capacity of the tasks to predict the different types of anomia. The results show the existence of a great variety of anomic disorders, which are besides independent of the syndromes to which the patients belong.