Acute ingestion of different macronutrients differentially enhances aspects of memory and attention in healthy young adults

The role of carbohydrates on mood and cognition is fairly well established, however research examining the behavioural effects of the other macronutrients is limited. The current study compared the effects of a 25 g glucose drink to energetically matched protein and fat drinks and an inert placebo. Following a blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover design, 18 healthy young adults consumed drinks containing fat, glucose, protein and placebo. Cognitive performance was examined at baseline and again 15- and 60 min post drink. Mood was assessed at baseline and then 10-, 35- and 80 min post drink. Attention and speed were enhanced 15 min following fat or glucose ingestion and working memory was enhanced15 min following protein ingestion. Sixty minutes post drink memory enhancements were observed after protein and memory impairment was observed following glucose. All drinks increased ratings of alertness. The findings suggest that macronutrients: (i) have different windows of opportunity for effects (ii) target different cognitive domains.

► Attention and speed of processing were enhanced 15 min following fat or glucose ingestion.
► Working memory was enhanced 15 min following protein ingestion.
► Sixty minutes post drink memory enhancements were observed after protein and memory impairment was observed following glucose.
► All drinks (including placebo) increased ratings of alertness immediately post drink.