The contribution of sleep to improvements in working memory scanning speed: A study of prolonged sleep restriction

Working memory scanning and motor response speeds were assessed in chronically sleep restricted participants using the Sternberg item recognition paradigm (SIRP). Twenty-two healthy volunteers (ages 21–30) living in a controlled hospital environment were allowed either 4 h of sleep opportunity (50% of habitual sleep) or 8 h of sleep opportunity (100% of habitual sleep) for 12 days. Working memory scanning efficiency (time taken to access an item in working memory) was tested for the first 9 days of sleep restriction and improved over time in participants permitted an 8 h sleep period, but did not change significantly in participants permitted a 4 h sleep period. Speed of motor response (reaction time independent of cognitive processing) did not change significantly in either group. These results indicate that the efficiency of working memory scanning can improve with repeated practice given sufficient sleep, and that prolonged sleep restriction to 50% of habitual sleep prevents this improvement.