Traumatic Emergencies Involving the Pediatric Airway

Pediatric laryngotracheal injury has the potential to compromise the airway and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Unique anatomic features of the pediatric laryngotracheal complex result in distinct injury-related issues that must be taken into account when managing airway trauma in children. Pediatric external laryngotracheal trauma is of 2 general types: (1) blunt and (2) penetrating trauma, each of which will be separately discussed. This article will primarily focus on the evaluation and management of traumatic emergencies involving the pediatric airway, including brief comments regarding traumatic pediatric cervical digestive and vascular injuries. An algorithm for the management of pediatric airway trauma in the emergency department is outlined, including a review of different diagnostic techniques and appropriate procedures for acute intervention for both the stable and unstable airway.