The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis, grading, and treatment of portal hypertensive gastropathy

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is an extremely common endoscopic finding in patients with portal hypertension. This article examines the various endoscopic grading systems that have been developed for PHG with further discussion on the risk of bleeding with PHG and if endoscopic grading can predict the risk of bleeding. Finally, both the nonendoscopic and endoscopic treatment modalities for acute and chronic bleeding secondary to PHG are discussed.