Nonfatal pulmonary Trichoderma viride infection in an adult patient with acute myeloid leukemia: report of one case and review of the literature

Trichoderma species have been recognized to be pathogenic in immunosuppressed hosts with increasing frequency. Trichoderma species are responsible for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis and infections in immunocompromised patients with a hematologic malignancy or solid organ transplantation. Trichoderma longibrachiatum is the most common species involved in these infections. We report the first case of nonfatal pulmonary infection caused by Trichoderma viride in leukemia patient. It had a successful answer to new antifungal agents as voriconazole and caspofungin. Trichoderma viride was isolated from pulmonary aspirate culture from a 54-year-old female who had received chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for the organism were the following: amphotericin B (0.25 μg/mL) and voriconazole (2 μg/mL). Initially, she was treated unsuccessful with liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole and caspofungin were added later. The patient is alive. We report one case along review of the literature.