Urothelial differentiation in chronically urine-deprived bladders of patients with end-stage renal disease

These data provide prima facie evidence that exogenous urine-derived factors do not modulate the differentiation program in urothelium, suggesting that other urothelial- or serum-derived factors are likely to be involved. These findings are important in understanding postdevelopmental maturation and functional relationships in urologic tissues of the adult organism.