Distinct transfer effects of training different facets of working memory capacity

The impact of working memory training on a broad set of transfer tasks was examined. Each of three groups of participants trained one specific functional category of working memory capacity: storage and processing, relational integration, and supervision. A battery comprising tests to measure working memory, task shifting, inhibition, and reasoning was administered before, immediately after, and 6 months after 4 weeks of computer-based training. Training groups were compared to an active control group practicing perceptual matching tasks. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models that revealed distinct transfer profiles for the experimental groups: Storage-Processing training had an effect on working memory and reasoning, and Supervision training improved task shifting and reasoning. There was no such broad transfer of Relational Integration training. The degree of improvement in the training tasks correlated positively with the magnitude of transfer. Differential effects of training different functional categories of working memory and executive functions could explain why previous studies yielded mixed results: Training specific processes leads to transfer on specific cognitive constructs only.

► Each of three groups trained one functional category of working memory capacity.
► Training groups were compared to an active control group.
► Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed distinct transfer profiles for the groups.
► Both storage-processing and supervision training led to transfer to reasoning.
► Effects were still observed after 6 months without training.