Osteonecrosis of the hip

Osteonecrosis of the hip is the final common pathway for a group of disorders that results in ischemia of the femoral head. Etiologies include disruption of vessels, external vascular occlusion, embolization, thrombosis, cytotoxicity, and idiopathic causes. As a result of the ischemia cell death occurs and the bone is weakened leading to collapse and eventual degenerative changes to the hip. Early diagnosis is crucial for the successful treatment of osteonecrosis. Unfortunately, most patients' conditions result in total hip arthroplasty. Here we review the etiology, diagnosis and current treatment options.