Rhumatisme articulaire aigu chez l'enfant

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a systemic illness that may occur following group A beta haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children. As indicated by laboratory and epidemiological evidences, ARF may result from an autoimmune response; however, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. ARF is a major problem in countries with limited resources. It affects the cardiac valves and muscle, joints, skin and central nervous system. The treatment consists of anti-inflammatory drugs. Preventive and prophylactic therapy is indicated to prevent further valve damage. Primary prophylaxis (initial course of antibiotics administered to eradicate the streptococcal infection) also serves as the first course of secondary prophylaxis: an injection of benzathine Penicillin G every 3 or 4 weeks.