Direct phosphorylation of proliferative and survival pathway proteins by RET

RET directly phosphorylates tyrosine residues on FAK, ERK 1/2, DOK1, the p85 subunit of of phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase, JNK 1 and 2, P-38, and phospholipase-γ. These data indicate a direct interaction between RET and a broad range of effector molecules that may contribute to tumor pathogenesis.