Event-related potentials suggest early interaction between syntax and semantics during on-line sentence comprehension

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate interaction between syntactic parsing and semantic integration processes during a visual sentence comprehension task. The linguistic stimuli were Finnish five-word sentences containing morphosyntactic and/or semantic violations. Single morphosyntactic violations evoked left anterior negativity (LAN) and P600 components. Single semantic violations elicited a robust N400 effect over the left hemisphere. A later and weaker N400-like response was also observed in the right hemisphere, left-right hemispheric latency difference being 40 ms. Combined morphosyntactic and semantic violations elicited a P600 component and a negative ERP component within the latency range of the LAN and N400 components. Further analysis of these ERP effects provided evidence for early processual interaction between syntax and semantics during on-line sentence comprehension. The hemispheric distribution of the LAN and N400 components was taken to suggest lateralization of initial morphosyntactic parsing and semantic integration processes to the left hemisphere. In contrast, the later syntax-related P600 component was observed as being more pronounced over the posterior areas of the right hemisphere.