Lung-migrating digenean parasites: in vitro influence on nitric oxide production from normal rat pulmonary macrophages

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most versatile players in the immune system. Most parasites induce inflammation in the host associated with NO production. Here, we compare the in vitro effect of Schistosoma bovis somatic (SbS) and excretory-secretory (SbES) antigens, and excretory-secretory Paragonimus mexicanus adult worm (PmES) molecules on rat alveolar macrophages NO production measured by the Griess method and by RT-PCR. Additionally, we address the divergence of the NO stimulatory/inhibitory effects of these two parasites. Polymyxin B was used to assess possible LPS contamination. In vitro incubation of rat alveolar macrophages with PmES (⩾10 μg/ml) and SbS (⩾50 μg/ml), but not with SbES extracts, resulted in NO production and an increase in iNOS cell mRNA. This production was specific and inhibited by L-NAME and l-canavanine. Different effects were observed when cells were incubated with P. mexicanus and S. bovis antigens.