Walking ATMs and the immigration spillover effect: The link between Latino immigration and robbery victimization

• We find that Latino robbery victimization rates are highest in areas with the highest levels of immigration.
• Multivariate models show immigration significantly increases Latino victimization only in High Immigration areas.
• This link between robbery and immigration does not hold for black offenders.

Media reports and prior research suggest that undocumented Latino migrants are disproportionately robbed because they rely on a cash-only economy and they are reluctant to report crimes to law-enforcement (the Walking ATM phenomenon). From this we generate two specific research questions. First, we probe for an immigration spillover effect – defined as increased native and documented Latino robbery victimization due to offenders’ inability to distinguish between the statuses of potential victims. Second, we examine the oft-repeated claim that Blacks robbers disproportionately target Latino victims. Using National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data from 282 counties, results show (1) support for an immigration spillover effect but, (2) no support for the claim that Latinos are disproportionately singled out by Black robbers. We discuss the implications of our findings.