Solid phase extraction and determination of sub-ppb levels of hazardous Hg2+ ions

A simple, rapid and reliable method has been developed to selectively separate and concentrate ultra trace amounts of mercury(II) ions from aqueous samples for its highly sensitive measurement by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The Hg2+ ions were adsorbed selectively and quantitatively during the passage of aqueous samples through octadecyl silica membrane disks modified by isopropyl 2-[(isopropoxycarbothiolyl)disulfanyl]ethane thioate (IIDE). The retained Hg2+ ions were then stripped from the disk with minimal amounts of 0.5 M hydrobromic acid (two 8 ml portions) as eluent, and determined by CV-AAS. The break-through volume of the method is greater than 3000 ml, which results in enrichment factors >150. Maximum capacity of the membrane disks modified with 10 mg of the ligand was found to be 350 ± 30 μg of mercury(II), and the limit of detection is 0.005 ng ml−1. The effect of various cationic interferences on the recovery of mercury in binary mixtures was studied. The method was applied to the recovery of Hg2+ ions from different synthetic and tap water samples, as well as the determination of mercury in human hair samples.