Effects of on-ramp on the fuel consumption of the vehicles on the main road under car-following model

• We calibrate the optimal speed of car-following model.
• We extended the car-following model [23].
• We study the fuel consumption of each vehicle on the main road.

In this paper, we use the car-following model accounting for real-time road condition to explore the impacts of on-ramp on the vehicle’s fuel consumption on the main road under uniform flow. Numerical results illustrate that on-ramp can enhance each vehicle’s fuel consumption on the main road and that the increments are related to the traffic state of the main road and the inflow of the on-ramp.