Continuous transforming the BTW to the Manna model

• We have considered Manna type perturbation to BTW model. The amount of perturbation is controlled with a continuous parameter.
• We have investigated probability distribution function of waves.
• It has been shown that even a very small amount of Manna type perturbation, causes the large scale behavior of the system to be like Manna model.

In this paper we define some stochastic perturbations of the BTW model which make it into Manna model. These models have a continuous parameter pp, where p=0p=0 and 1 correspond to the BTW and Manna models respectively. We have investigated the properties of the statistical observables of the waves of avalanches for various values of pp. Our data supports the expectation of a crossover in such systems; at large scales Manna model is dominant. Therefore we find strong evidence in favor of the universality classes being distinct. Also it is observed that the BTW fixed point is unstable when Manna-type perturbation is added to the model.