Determination of propagation constants in a bent Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguide by using finite element method

The finite element method is used to determine the propagation constants in a curved titanium indiffused lithium niobate waveguide. A transformation of a lossless straight waveguide into a bent structure affects the shape of the calculated electric field and we have a shift of the electric field peak towards smaller values of the depth and towards higher values of the width.