Semicircular glass waveguide dependence on exchange-time and window width

A detailed theoretical and experimental study of the semicircular waveguide dependence of surface Tl+-Na+ ion-exchange waveguide on exchange-time and window width is reported. Modeling, which includes the effect of ion-exchange time t and window width W, agrees well with our experiments showing that a surface semicircular waveguide depends on Defft≫W/2. The result may be used in the proper design of arrayed microlens and integrated optical circuits, such as diffractive waveguide gratings, and so on.