Nernst-Planck transport theory for (reverse) electrodialysis: III. Optimal membrane thickness for enhanced process performance

The effect of the thickness of ion exchange membranes has been investigated for electrodialysis (ED) and reverse electrodialysis (RED), both experimentally and through theoretical modeling. By developing a two-dimensional model based on Nernst-Planck theory, we theoretically find that reducing the membrane thickness benefits process performance only until a certain value, below which performance drops. For ED, an optimum thickness can be identified in the range of 10-20 μm, while for RED the maximum power density is found for membranes that are three times as thick. Model calculations compare well with experimental data collected with a series of homogeneous membranes with the same chemical composition and a thickness in the range of 10-100 μm. Our results show that the classical picture that membranes should be as thin as possible (as long as they remain pinhole-free and structurally stable) is insufficient, and must be replaced by a more accurate theoretical framework.