Perception of personal dental appearance in Nigerian adolescents

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Nigerian adolescents' awareness of malocclusion, their satisfaction with personal dental appearance, and the severity of their occlusal irregularities. Material: The sample consisted of 577 randomly selected secondary school adolescents-306 (53%) boys and 271 (47%) girls aged 12 to 17 years (mean age, 14.73 ± 1.12). A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the subjects' awareness of malocclusion and satisfaction with personal dental appearance; the actual severity of malocclusion was determined by using the dental aesthetic index (DAI), performed by an orthodontist in a school environment under natural illumination. Results: Statistically significant, negative, weak correlations were found between awareness of malocclusion and satisfaction at the various DAI scores as follows: ≤25 (r = −0.3774, P < .001), 26 to 30 (r = −0.4305, P < .001), 31 to 35 (r = −0.5137, P < .001), and ≥36 (r = −0.5104, P < .001). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show a significant value of any of the 3 factors. Multivariate analysis with age as the covariate did not show a significant effect. Also, the association between socioeconomic status and the variables was not significant (P > .05). Generally, no statistically significant sex differences were found in relation to the DAI scores, awareness, or satisfaction (P > .05). Conclusions: Significant, negative, weak correlations were found between Nigerian adolescents' awareness of malocclusion and satisfaction with personal dental appearance at the various severity levels of malocclusion. It would be worthwhile to assess such a relationship with the index of orthodontic treatment need in the Nigerian population.