
Keywords: (4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid); Nanomedicine; Nanodiagnostics; Liquid biopsy; Biophotonics; Pancreatic cancer detection; Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Sub-femtomolar limit of detection; AJCC; American Joint Commission on Cancer; MMP; matrix metalloproteinase; CTS; cathepsin; UpA; ur