Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BLA, amygdala, basolateral nucleus; CeA, amygdala, central nucleus; BNST, bed nucleus of stria terminalis; Cg, cingulate cortex; CS, conditioned stimulus; CO, cytochrome c oxidase; IL, infralimbic cortex; IC, insular cortex; I
مقالات ISI CS، محرک شرطی (ترجمه نشده)
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Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ALB, addiction-like behavior; CS, conditioned stimulus; CTA, conditioned taste aversion; D2R, D2 dopamine receptor; NCS-1, neuronal calcium sensor-1; NAc, nucleus accumbens; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PR, progressive ratio; SNA, signaled non-availability; US
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; AASM, American Academy of Sleep Medicine; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI, Body Mass Index; CS, conditioned stimulus; CtrT, control tone; EEG, electroencephalography; EMG, electromyography; EOG, electrooculography; ESS, Ep
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; BLA, basolateral complex of the amygdala; BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; CeA, central amygdala; CS, conditioned stimulus; PBS, phosphate-buffered salineCS duration; foot shock intensity; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; auditory fear condi
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; BOLD, blood oxygen level-dependent; CS, conditioned stimulus; LTP, long-term potentiation; US, unconditioned stimulus; VTA, ventral tegmental areaemotional learning; auditory cortex; amygdala; long-term memory consolidation; fear conditioning
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ABR, auditory brainstem response; CAR, correct avoidance response; CES, chronic electrical stimulation; CS, conditioned stimulus; CI, cochlear implant; SGCs, spiral ganglion cells; UCS, unconditioned stimulus
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ANS, autonomic nervous system; ASR, Acoustic Startle Response; CAPS, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CS, conditioned stimulus; fIR, functional infrared imaging; GSR, Galvanic Skin Response; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disor
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; AET, avoidance escape task; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CS, conditioned stimulus; ECS, electroconvulsive seizure; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; EE, environmental enrichment; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; IS, inescapable foot-shock stres
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ABR, auditory brainstem-evoked response; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BBN, broad band noise; CS, conditioned stimulus; CN, cochlear nucleus; GAD-67, glutamic-acid decarboxylase-67; LMM, linear mixed model; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; SPL, sound pressure l
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; bHR, bred for high responsiveness to novel environments; bLR, bred for low responsiveness to novel environments; CS, conditioned stimulus; DA, dopamine; NIC, nicotine; SAL, saline; US, unconditioned stimulusNicotine; Conditioning; Sign tracking; Goal trac
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; Ac, acquisition; AP, antero-posterior; aRSC, agranular retrosplenial cortex; BLA, basolateral amygdala; CA1, CA1 region of the hippocampus; CA3, CA3 region of the hippocampus; CS, conditioned stimulus; DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine; gRSC, granular retrosplen
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; Adenosine A2A; Schizophrenia; Cognition; Psychotic behavior; Ventricles enlargement; BDNFATP, 5′-adenosine triphosphate; BDNF, brain derived-neurotrophic factor; CS, conditioned stimulus; CTA, conditioned taste aversion; D2R, dopamine 2 receptors; HC, hip
Drebrin A regulates hippocampal LTP and hippocampus-dependent fear learning in adult mice
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CCD, charge coupled device; CS, conditioned stimulus; DAKO mouse, drebrin A knockout mouse; fEPSP, field excitatory postsynaptic potential; LTP, long-term potentiation; NMDAR, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor; PKA, protein kinase
Yohimbine reinstates extinguished 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) seeking in rats with prior exposure to chronic yohimbine
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; CS, conditioned stimulus; D1R, D1-like receptor; FR, fixed ratio; MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamineDopamine; MDMA; Reinstatement; SCH-23390; Stress; Yohimbine
Essential difference between the pharmacological spectrum of (−)-deprenyl and rasagiline
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; (−)-BPAP, R-(−)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propyl-aminopentane HCl; CAE, catecholaminergic activity enhancer; CAR, conditioned avoidance response; CS, conditioned stimulus; DATATOP, Deprenyl And Tocopherol Antioxidant Therapy Of Parkinsonism; EF, escape failur
Nucleus accumbens core lesions enhance two-way active avoidance
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CS, conditioned stimulus; DS, dorsal striatum; NIH, National Institutes of Health; S-R, stimulus–response; US, unconditioned stimulusstriatum; nucleus accumbens; rat; escape; avoidance
Munc18-1 haploinsufficiency results in enhanced anxiety-like behavior as determined by heart rate responses in mice
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ANS, autonomic nervous system; bpm, beats per minute; CS, conditioned stimulus; DFA, detrended fluctuation analysis; ECG, electrocardiogram; HR, heart rate; HRV, heart rate variability; HZ, heterozygous; PNS, parasympathetic n
Effects of prenatal chronic mild stress exposure on hippocampal cell proliferation, expression of GSK-3α, β and NR2B in adult offspring during fear extinction in rats
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BRDU, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine; CMS, chronic mild stress; CON, control; CR, conditioned response; CS, conditioned stimulus; DG, dentate gyrus; GCs, glucocorticoids; GD, gestational day; GSK-3α, glycogen synthase kinase-3α; GSK-3
Spatial memory extinction: A c-Fos protein mapping study
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; Ba, amygdala basal nucleus; Ce, amygdala central nucleus; Me, amygdala medial nucleus; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CG, cingulate cortex; CS, conditioned stimulus; N, control naïve group; CA1d, cornu ammonis 1 of the dorsal hippocampus; CA1v, cornu ammoni
Conditioned fear in low- and high-anxious rats is differentially regulated by cortical subcortical and midbrain 5-HT1A receptors
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; 5-HT, serotonin; 8-OH-DPAT, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CS, conditioned stimulus; DPAG, dorsal periaqueductal gray; FPS, fear-potentiated startle; HA, high-anxious; ISI, inter-stimulus interval; LA, low-anxious; m
CHF5074 and LY450139 sub-acute treatments differently affect cortical extracellular glutamate levels in pre-plaque Tg2576 mice
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; AUC, area created by the curve; Aβ, Amyloid-beta; CFC, contextual fear conditioning; CS, conditioned stimulus; NOR, Novel object recognition; TBS, Tris-buffered salineAlzheimer’s disease; γ-secretase; β-amyloid targeting drugs; in
Glucose-conditioned flavor preference learning requires co-activation of NMDA and dopamine D1-like receptors within the amygdala
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; AMY, amygdala; AP5, 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate; BLA, basolateral amygdale; CeA, central amygdale; CS, conditioned stimulus; DA, dopamine; IG, intragastric; LTP, long-term potentiation; US, unconditioned stimulusAP5; Conditioning; Carbohydrate; Forebrai
Lead exposure and fear-potentiated startle in the VA Normative Aging Study: A pilot study of a novel physiological approach to investigating neurotoxicant effects
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ASR, Acoustic startle reflex; CI, Confidence interval; CS, Conditioned stimulus; DSA, Differential startle amplitude; EMG, Electromyography; IQR, Interquartile range; KXRF, K-X-Ray-Fluorescence; NAS, Normative Aging Study; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; OR,
Effects of accelerated senescence on learning and memory, locomotion and anxiety-like behavior in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; APP, amyloid precursor protein; PS1, presenilin 1; PS2, presenilin 2; AD, Alzheimer's disease; SAMP8, senescence accelerated mouse prone 8; Aβ, amyloid beta; NFTs, neurofibrillary tangles; UCS, unconditioned stimulus; CS, conditioned stimulus; TBS, tris-b
The incentive salience of courtship vocalizations: Hormone-mediated ‘wanting’ in the auditory system
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; BSTm, medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; CMM, caudomedial mesopallium; CS, conditioned stimulus; DA, dopamine; DBH, dopamine beta-hydroxylase; DOPAC, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; E2, estradiol; HVA, homovanillic
Disruption of overshadowing and latent inhibition in high schizotypy individuals
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; CogDis, cognitive disorganisation; CS, conditioned stimulus; ImpNon, impulsive nonconformity; IntAn, introvertive anhedonia; LI, latent inhibition; NPE, non-preexposed; O-LIFE, Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences; OS, overshadowing; PE,
Pairings of lever and food induce Pavlovian conditioned approach of sign-tracking and goal-tracking in C57BL/6 mice
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; CS, conditioned stimulus; US, unconditioned stimulus; CR, conditioned response; ST, sign-tracking; GT, goal-trackingSign-tracking; Goal-tracking; Corticosterone; Incentive salience; Pavlovian conditioned approach; Pseudoconditioning
Changes of synaptic ultrastructure in the guinea pig interpositus nuclei associate with response magnitude and timing after trace eyeblink conditioning
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; CR, conditioned eyeblink response; CS, conditioned stimulus; IN, interpositus nuclei; LTP, long-term potentiation; PSD, postsynaptic density; PAZ, presynaptic active zone; SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of the mean; UR, unconditioned eyeblink
Age-related learning deficits can be reversible in honeybees Apis mellifera
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ATP, adenosine tri-phosphate; CF, continuing forager; CS, conditioned stimulus; EB, extraction buffer; EDTA, dinatrium salt dehydrate; FPR, false positive rate; GRS, gustatory response score; LC–MS2, Liquid chromatography tand
Perceived target–masker separation unmasks responses of lateral amygdala to the emotionally conditioned target sounds in awake rats
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BOLD, blood oxygen level-dependent; CI, contralateral loudspeaker led ipsilateral loudspeaker; CS, conditioned stimulus; FFR, frequency-following response; FFT, fast Fourier transform; IC, ipsilateral loudspeaker led contralat
Corticosterone treatment impairs auditory fear learning and the dendritic morphology of the rat inferior colliculus
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ACx, primary auditory cortex; BNST, bed nucleus of stria terminalis; CORT, corticosterone; CS, conditioned stimulus; dB, decibel; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoassay; GCs, glucocorticoids; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; HPA, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis
Cotinine enhances the extinction of contextual fear memory and reduces anxiety after fear conditioning
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CS, conditioned stimulus; US, unconditioned stimulus; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; EPM, elevated plus maze; FE, fear memory extinction; HPA, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal; h, hours; min, minutes; OF, open field
Glucocorticoid receptors and extinction retention deficits in the single prolonged stress model
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; Arp, actin related protein; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BB, blocking buffer; CP, changes in pixel; CS, conditioned stimulus; EI, extinction index; eth, ether; fs, forced swim; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; IL, infralim
Baclofen administration alters fear extinction and GABAergic protein levels
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CCF, cued and contextual fear conditioning; CR, conditioned response; CS, conditioned stimulus; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; US, unconditioned responseGABAB; Conditioned fear; Baclofen; Phaclofen
Behavioural outcomes of perinatal maternal fluoxetine treatment
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CS, conditioned stimulus; ED, embryonic day; EPM, elevated plus maze; FST, forced swim test; KO, knockout; MAO, monoamine oxidase; MWT, Morris water task; PD, postnatal day; PPI, prepulse inhibition; SERT, serotonin transporte
Effects of novelty and methamphetamine on conditioned and sensory reinforcement
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CS, conditioned stimulus; CR, conditioned reinforcer; DA, dopamine; METH, methamphetamine; NAC, nucleus accumbens; RFActive, relative frequency of active responding; SC, superior colliculus; SR, sensory reinforcer; VI, variabl
Synaptic dynamics and long-term plasticity at synapses of Purkinje cells onto neighboring Purkinje cells of a mormyrid fish: A dual cell recording study
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; AP5, d(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid; CFs, climbing fibers; CLp, posterior caudal lobe; CNQX, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxline-2,3-dione; CS, conditioned stimulus; DCN, deep cerebellar nuclei; ECs, efferent cells; EGTA, ethyle
Individual variation in the propensity to attribute incentive salience to an appetitive cue predicts the propensity to attribute motivational salience to an aversive cue
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; STs, sign-trackers; GTs, goal-trackers; VI, variable interval; CS, conditioned stimulus; US, unconditioned stimulus; ITI, intertrial interval; IRs, intermediate responders; FR, fixed-ratio; VR, variable-ratioFear; Pav
Effects of ventral tegmental area stimulation on the acquisition and long-term retention of active avoidance learning
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; CR, conditioned response; CS, conditioned stimulus; ICSS, intracranial self-stimulation; LTR, long term retention; MFB, medial forebrain bundle; US, unconditioned stimulus; VTA, ventral tegmental areaIntracranial self-stimulation; Brain stimulation reward
Nucleus accumbens dopamine and mu-opioid receptors modulate the reinstatement of food-seeking behavior by food-associated cues
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; CS, conditioned stimulus; NAcc, nucleus accumbens; DA, dopamine; 5-HT, serotonin; DAMGO, [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin; VR, variable ratio; FI, fixed-interval; PIT, Pavlovian-Instrumental TransferNucleus accumbens; Motivation; Reinstatement; Dopam
Behavioural assessments of neurotoxic effects and neurodegeneration in zebrafish
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; Anti-AChE, anticholinesterase; CPP, conditioned place preference; CS, conditioned stimulus; dpf, days post fertilization; OKR, optokinetic response; OMR, optomotor response; OP, organophosphorus agent; OSN, olfactory sensory ne
Adult depression-like behavior, amygdala and olfactory cortex functions are restored by odor previously paired with shock during infant's sensitive period attachment learning
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; aPC, anterior piriform cortex; BLA, basolateral amygdala; CoA, cortical nucleus of the amygdala; CS, conditioned stimulus; FST, Forced Swim Test; pPC, posterior piriform cortex; PN, postnatal dayAmygdala; Infant experiences; Depression; Odor–shock pairing
Social partnering significantly reduced rapid eye movement sleep fragmentation in fear-conditioned, stress-sensitive Wistar-Kyoto rats
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; fear conditioning; grooming behavior; posttraumatic stress disorder; REMS microarchitecture; social partnering; Wistar-Kyoto ratANOVA, analysis of variance; CFC, cued fear conditioning; CS, conditioned stimulus; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyog
Long-term memory of visually cued fear conditioning: roles of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; fear conditioning; nitric oxide; neuronal nitric oxide synthase; memory; corticosterone; amygdalacGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CREB, cyclic AMP response element binding protein; CS, conditioned stimulus; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-related kinase
Molecular substrates of action control in cortico-striatal circuits
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; Goal-directed action; Decision-making; Basal ganglia; Dopamine; PlasticityAC, adenylyl cyclase; Cdk5, cyclin dependent kinase 5; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; CS, conditioned stimulus; DA, dopamine; D1, dopamine D1 receptor; D2, dopamine D2
Napping promotes inter-session habituation to emotional stimuli
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BPM, beats-per-minute; CS, conditioned stimulus; DCS, d-Cycloserine; DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyogram; ESS, Epworth
Chronic stress alters neural activity in medial prefrontal cortex during retrieval of extinction
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; stress; medial prefrontal cortex; infralimbic cortex; prelimbic cortex; extracellular recording; extinction retrievalAHP, afterhypolarizations; CS, conditioned stimulus; EPSP, excitatory post-synaptic potentials; IL, infralimbic cortex; LTP, long term pot
Top-down effects on early visual processing in humans: A predictive coding framework
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; BOLD, blood oxygen-level dependent; CS, conditioned stimulus; ECD, equivalent current dipole; EEG, electroencephalography; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; GFP, global field power; MEG, magnetoencephalography; PET, positron-emission tomography
Enhancement of acoustic prepulse inhibition by contextual fear conditioning in mice is maintained even after contextual fear extinction
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; ASR, Acoustic startle reactivity; CS, Conditioned stimulus; FC, Fear conditioning; FE, Fear extinction; PPI, Prepulse inhibition; PTSD, Posttraumatic stress disorder; US, Unconditioned stimulusContextual fear conditioning; Fear extinction; PPI; PTSD; Sens
The effect of hardness of food on amygdalar histamine release in rats
Keywords: CS، محرک شرطی; H, hard; S, soft; US, unconditioned stimulus; CS, conditioned stimulus; ANOVA, analysis of varianceHardness of food; Histaminergic system; The central nucleus of amygdala; Microdialysis; Conditioned food aversion