
Combustion parameter estimation for ICE from surface vibration using frequency spectrum analysis
Keywords: ICE; internal combustion engine; SI; spark ignition; EMD; empirical mode decomposition; IMF; intrinsic mode function; PIR; pressure rise rate; MSC; morlet scalogram; FFT; Fast Fourier Transform; GDI; gasoline direct injection; Ttq; torque; n; speed; θ; f