Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; FDR, False Discovery Rate; GATK, genome analysis tool kit; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MAF, minor allele frequency; MDS, multidimensiona
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Leukoreduction system chambers provide a valuable source of functional monocytes for the monocyte activation test by comparison with internationally validated methods
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; BET, bacterial endotoxins test; IL, interleukin; IS, International Standard(s); LAL, Limulus amebocyte lysate; LRSC, leukoreduction system chamber; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MAT, monocyte activation test; Pam3CSK4, Tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-L-Cys-Ser-(Lys)4;
SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) of the intestinal nematode Strongyloides ratti is involved in mucosa-associated parasite-host interaction
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; ECM, extracellular matrix; EGF, epidermal growth factor; ESP, excretory/secretory products; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MFI, mean fluorescence index; MNC, mononuclear cells; PMN, polymorphnuclear cells; SPARC, secrete
Molecular and functional characterization of the scavenger receptor CD36 in zebrafish and common carp
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; dpf, days post fertilization; dpi, days post injection; hpf, hours post fertilization; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PBL, peripheral blood leukocytes; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase ch
Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans immunity and Staphylococcal virulence factors during their interactions
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; g, gram (s); h, hour (s); SD, standard deviation; qPCR, quantitative PCR; RNA, ribonucleic acid; NGM, nematode growth media; O.D., optical density; PCR, polymerase chain reactionLipoteichoic acid; Caenorhabditis elegans; Staphyloco
Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin inhibits the complement lectin pathway activation by direct interaction with L-Ficolin
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Complement; Ficolins; Lectin pathway; Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulinT. cruzi, Trypanosoma cruzi; TcCRT, Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin; HuCRT, human calreticulin; LTA, lipoteichoic acid
Functional and structural analysis of the major amidase (Atl) in Staphylococcus
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Atl, major autolysin; AM, amidase domain; CW, cell wall; GL, glucosaminidase domain; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; M., Micrococcus; PGN, peptidoglycan; R1ab, R2ab, R3ab, repeat sequences in Atl; S., Staphylococcus; WTA, wall teichoic acidMajor autolysin; Struct
Molecular identification of potential Th1/Th2 responses-modulating bacterial genes using suppression subtractive DNA hybridization
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; CFU, colony-forming units; EPS, exopolysaccharide; GTF, glucosyltransferase; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MAMPs, microbe-associated molecular patterns; NAG, N-acetylglucosamine; NAM, N-acetylmuramic acid; OD, optical density; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclea
Hispolon inhibition of inflammatory apoptosis through reduction of iNOS/NO production via HO-1 induction in macrophages
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; HIS, hispolon; HIS-ME, hispolon Methyl ether; M-HIS, methoxyhispolon; D-HIS, dehydroxyhispolon; H-HIS, hydroxyhispolon; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PGN, peptidoglycan; NO, nitric oxide; Act D, actinomycin D; AP-1, activator protein-1;
Maternal immunity in fish
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Vg, vitellogenin; Pv, phosvitin; Lv, lipovitellin; CP, classical pathway; AP, alternative pathway; LP, lectin pathway; MBL, mannose-binding lectin; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PGN, peptid
Chlorpromazine-induced hepatotoxicity during inflammation is mediated by TIRAP-dependent signaling pathway in mice
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; CPZ, chlorpromazine; IADRs, idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions; JNK, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; TIRAP, Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necr
The first chordate big defensin: Identification, expression and bioactivity
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Protochordate; Amphioxus; Branchiostoma; Big defensin; Antimicrobial activityBjBD, Branchiostoma japonicum big defensin; AMPs, antimicrobial peptides; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; Trx, thioredoxin;
A comparative study of antimicrobial properties of crustinPm1 and crustinPm7 from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; Pm, Penaeus monodonAntimicrobial peptides; Bacterial agglutination; Crustin; Inner membrane permeabilization; Penaeus monodon
Effect of lipoteichoic acid on IL-2 and IL-5 release from T lymphocytes in asthma and COPD
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; BAL, bronchial alveolar lavage; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuc
Transcription of pattern recognition receptors and abortive agents induced chemokines in the bovine pregnant uterus
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; CLRs, c-type lectin receptors; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MD2, myeloid differentiation factor 2; mRNA, messenger RNA; NFκ-B, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NLR, nod-like receptors; RT-qPCR, reverse tr
A novel short peptidoglycan recognition protein in amphioxus: Identification, expression and bioactivity
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Amphioxus; Peptidoglycan recognition protein; Chitin-binding domain; Amidase; Microbicidal activityChtBD, chitin binding; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MurNAc, N-acetylmuram
Structure and function of collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) and collectin 11 (CL-11, CL-K1)
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; CL-11, collectin 11; CL-K1, collectin kidney 1; CL-L1, collectin liver 1; CRD, carbohydrate recognition domain; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MASP, MBL-associated serine protease; MBL, mannan-binding lectin; SP-A and -D, surfactant prot
Hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase activity with broad temperature stability extending into the cold environment in hemocytes of the hair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; DETC, diethylammonium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate; L-DOPA, L-3,4 dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; HLS, hemocyte lysate supernatant; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PO, phenoloxidase; PPO, prophenoloxidase;
CD36 as a lipid sensor
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; AGE, advanced glycation end-products; cVA, cis-vaccenyl acetate; FAT, fatty acid translocase; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; LCFA, long-chain fatty acids; LDL, low density lipoproteins; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; NST, nucleus of the solitary tract; OR, ol
Natural antibodies in bovine milk and blood plasma: Variability among cows, repeatability within cows, and relation between milk and plasma titers
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; NAb, natural antibody/ies; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PGN, peptidoglycan; KLH, keyhole limpet hemocyanin; PAMP, pathogen associated molecular pattern; SCC, somatic cell countInnate immunity; Natural antibody; Variability; Repeatability
Growth temperature-dependent expression of structural variants of Listeria monocytogenes lipoteichoic acid
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; HIC, hydrophobic interaction chromatography; RT, room temperatureComplement; Lipoteichoic acid; Listeria monocytogenes; Structural analysis
Vitellogenin is an acute phase protein with bacterial-binding and inhibiting activities
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Zebrafish; Danio rerio; Vitellogenin; Acute phase response; Antibacterial activityhpi, Hour post injection; i.p., Intraperitoneal; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; LTA, Lipoteichoic acid; qRT-PCR, Quantitative real-time PCR; Vg, Vitellogenin
Benznidazole blocks NF-κB activation but not AP-1 through inhibition of IKK
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; BZL, benznidazole; CLP, cecal ligation and puncture; IKK, IκB kinase; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; OpZym, opsonized zymosan; ROS, reactive oxygen speciesImmunomodulation; Anti-inflammatory; NF-κB; Chagas’ disease
In vivo and in vitro post-translational polymorphism of chicken natural auto-antibodies
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; CCL, chicken-liver-cell-lysate; HuSA, human serum albumin; LPS, lipopolyssacharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; ΣMWIF, sum of differently stained molecular weight-identified fragments; N(A)Ab, natural (auto-) antibodies; s.c., subcutaneousNatural (auto-) anti
The flavonoids luteolin and quercetagetin inhibit lipoteichoic acid actions on H9c2 cardiomyocytes
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; ERK, extracellular regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; IL1β, Interleukin-1βFlavonoids; Lipoteichoic acid; Endocarditis; Mitogen-activated protein kinases; IL-1β; Rat heart embryonic cells
Lipid clustering by three homologous arginine-rich antimicrobial peptides is insensitive to amino acid arrangement and induced secondary structure
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; AMP, antimicrobial peptides; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; LUVs, large unilamellar vesicles; SUVs, small unilamellar vesicles; MLVs, multilamellar vesicles; CD, circular dichroism; DSC, differentia
Lipoteichoic acid enhances IL-6 production in human synovial fibroblasts via TLR2 receptor, PKCδ and c-Src dependent pathways
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PGN, peptidoglycan; siRNA, small interference RNA; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RASF, rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts; TLR, Toll-like receptor; ODN, oligo
Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Subverts the Antiviral Activities of Human Kupffer Cells
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HCVc, hepatitis C virus core protein; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells; PD-1, programmed death-1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase;
Lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide can activate antimicrobial peptide expression in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; AC, anti-coagulant; AMP, antimicrobial peptide; IMD, immune deficiency; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PG, peptidoglycan; PGRP, peptidoglycan recognition pro
Intrinsic nitric oxide-stimulatory activity of lipoteichoic acids from different Gram-positive bacteria
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Lipoteichoic acid; Gram-positive bacteria; Nitric oxide; Lipopolysaccharide; Polymyxin B; Limulus amebocyte assayLAL, Limulus amebocyte lysate; LPR/LTA, LAL positive reactant of LTA samples; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; NO, nitric oxid
Lipid domains in bacterial membranes and the action of antimicrobial agents
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; CL, cardiolipin; DMDG, dimannosyldiacylglycerol; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; MAS/NMR, magic angle spinning/nuclear magnetic resonance; MIC
An amphioxus TLR with dynamic embryonic expression pattern responses to pathogens and activates NF-κB pathway via MyD88
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; LRR, leucine-rich repeat; V-type, vertebrate-type; P-type, protostome-type; TIR, toll/IL-1R resistance domain; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PGN, peptidoglycan; Amphi, refers to all amphioxus species; Bbt, refers to B. belcheritsingtauense; Bf, refers to B. flo
Immune homeostasis in the respiratory tract and its impact on heterologous infection
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; CD200R, CD200 receptor; SP-A, surfactant protein A; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virusLung; Innate immunity; Homeostasis; Secondary bacterial pneumonia; Infection history
A possible role of histone-like DNA-binding protein of Streptococcus intermedius in the pathogenesis of bile duct damage in primary biliary cirrhosis
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis; BEC, biliary epithelial cells; CNSDC, chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis; CH-C, chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus; HLP, histone-like protein; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; AMA, anti-mitochondrial antibody; P
Peptidoglycan-mediated IL-8 expression in human alveolar type II epithelial cells requires lipid raft formation and MAPK activation
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; AP-1, activating protein 1; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; IL-8, interleukin-8; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MFI, mean fluorescence intensit
Ficolins: Novel pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune response
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Complement system; Ficolin; Innate immunity; Lectin pathwayCRD, carbohydrate recognition domain; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MASP, MBL-associated serine protease; MBL, mannan
A novel ML protein from Manduca sexta may function as a key accessory protein for lipopolysaccharide signaling
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; IMD, immune deficiency; KDO, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate; LBP, LPS-binding protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; ML, MD-2-related lipid-recognition; MD-2, myeloid differentiation-2; MsML-1, M. sexta ML-1; rMsML-1, recombinant MsML-1; rCP36,
Presentation of lipoteichoic acid potentiates its inflammatory activity
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; LBP, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; PGN, peptidoglycan; PP, polypropylene; PS, polystyrene; SBS, silicone borosilicate; T
Cinnamaldehyde inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from monocytes/macrophages through suppression of intracellular signaling
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; polyIC, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; TLR, toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL, interleukin; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayCinnamaldehyde; Lipopolysaccharide; Macrophage; C
Immune responses induced by spirochetal outer membrane lipoproteins and glycolipids
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; ACGal, acylated cholesteryl-galactoside; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; LD, Lyme disease; LP, lipopeptide; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; LRR, Leucin-rich repeat; MGalD, α-monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol; PRR, pattern recognition
Wogonin but not Nor-wogonin inhibits lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid-induced iNOS gene expression and NO production in macrophages
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; ERKs, extracellular regulated protein kinases; NBT, nitro blue tetrazolium; BCIP, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate; JN
Toll-like receptor 2 ligands inhibit TH2 responses to mite allergen
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; Atopy; Toll-like receptors; innate immunity; TH2 cytokinesDC, Dendritic cell; HDM, House dust mite allergen; LTA, Lipoteichoic acid; MFI, Mean fluorescence intensity; NK, Natural killer; SPT, Skin prick test; TLR, Toll-like receptor
Critical role of Toll-like receptors and the common TLR adaptor, MyD88, in induction of granulomas and liver injury
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; b.w., body weight; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; i.p., intraperitoneal; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Mal, MyD88 adaptor-like; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinu
The presence of multiple and differentially regulated interleukin-12p40 genes in bony fishes signifies an expansion of the vertebrate heterodimeric cytokine family
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; BLAST, basic local alignment search tool; CNTFR, ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor; CLF-1, cytokine-like factor-1; EBI3, EBV-induced protein-3; IFN, interferon; iNOS, inducible NO synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; MEGA, molecul
Adiponectin inhibits Toll-like receptor family-induced signaling
Keywords: LTA، lipoteichoic acid; ACRP30, a 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein; CpG, deoxycytidylate-phosphate-deoxyguanylate; FBS, fetal bovine serum; gAd, globular adiponectin; GST, glutathione S-transferase; IκB, inhibitor κB; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipoteichoic acid; N