Spirulina maxima peptides suppress mast cell degranulation via inactivating Akt and MAPKs phosphorylation in RBL-2H3 cells

In this study, the suppressive effects of peptides P1 (LDAVNR) and P2 (MMLDF) from enzymatic hydrolysate of Spirulina maxima on mast cell degranulation was elucidated. It was revealed that P1 and P2 exhibited significant inhibition on cell degranulation via decreasing β-hexosaminidase release at concentration of 200 μM. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of P1 and P2 on expression and production of interleukin (IL)-13 were evidenced. Furthermore, peptide treatment caused a remarkable inhibition on the phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK, p38, and JNK. Notably, the inhibitory activity of P1 on cell degranulation was found due to blockade of FcεRI receptor. Meanwhile, the inhibitory activity of P2 was involved in alleviation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Collectively, peptides P1 and P2 from S. maxima were suggested to be promising inhibitors of mast cell degranulation, contributing to the development of bioactive ingredients for amelioration of allergic diseases.