کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
10159830 | 59 | 2013 | 14 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Structure and fracture resistance of alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) armored fish scales
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی شیمی
بیو مهندسی (مهندسی زیستی)
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چکیده انگلیسی
The alligator gar is a large fish with flexible armor consisting of ganoid scales. These scales contain a thin layer of ganoine (microhardness â¼2.5 GPa) and a bony body (microhardness â¼400 MPa), with jagged edges that provide effective protection against predators. We describe here the structure of both ganoine and bony foundation and characterize the mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms. The bony foundation is characterized by two components: a mineralized matrix and parallel arrays of tubules, most of which contain collagen fibers. The spacing of the empty tubules is â¼60 μm; the spacing of those filled with collagen fibers is â¼7 μm. Using micromechanical testing of such scales in a variable-pressure scanning electron microscope, we identify interactions between propagating cracks and the microstructure, and show that the toughness of the scales increases with crack extension in a classical resistance-curve response from the activation of extrinsic toughening mechanisms. We demonstrate how mechanical damage evolves in these structures, and further identify that the reinforcement of the mineral by the network of collagen fibers is the principal toughening mechanism resisting such damage. Additionally, we define the anisotropy of the toughness of the scales and relate this to the collagen fiber orientation.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Acta Biomaterialia - Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 5876-5889
Journal: Acta Biomaterialia - Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 5876-5889
نویسندگان
Wen Yang, Bernd Gludovatz, Elizabeth A. Zimmermann, Hrishikesh A. Bale, Robert O. Ritchie, Marc A. Meyers,