Review on the physics of electrospray: From electrokinetics to the operating conditions of single and coaxial Taylor cone-jets, and AC electrospray

In this work, we review the physics of the liquid ejection by the application of electric fields, paying special attention to the steady cone-jet mode of electrospray. We aim to provide a comprehensive view on the role of electrohydrodynamics effects, and how the full electrokinetic equations can be reduced or simplified into the Taylor-Melcher leaky dielectric model. We provide an extensive review of the steady Taylor cone-jet mode, considering both its predicting scaling laws and limits of operation. Coaxial Taylor cone-jets are also briefly reviewed. Finally, we outline a revision of AC electrohydrodynamics and electrospraying.