Use of Lean and Related Transformational Performance Improvement Systems in Hospitals in the United States: Results From a National Survey

A majority of hospitals have adopted Lean-based transformational performance improvement approaches but with wide variance in the degree of implementation. It takes time for Lean to gain traction. The length of time doing Lean is positively associated with implementation progress and reported positive performance impacts. The extent to which Lean has an organizationwide performance impact awaits further research that links the variables in this study with objective cost and quality measures.