Laminar mass burning and entrainment velocities and flame instabilities of i-octane, ethanol and hydrous ethanol/air aerosols

The presence of fuel droplets is shown to enhance the generation of Darrieus-Landau, thermo-diffusive instabilities and the associated flame wrinkling. With richer mixtures and larger droplets, it is possible for droplets to enter the reaction zone and further enhance existing gaseous phase instabilities through the creation of yet further flame wrinkling. This leads to the maximum entrained fuel mass flux, in the richest mixture, being significantly higher than that occurring at the maximum burning velocity of a premixed gaseous flame.