Non-catalytic vanadium removal from vanadyl etioporphyrin (VO-EP) using a mixed solvent of supercritical water and toluene: A kinetic study

► Supercritical water is capable of removing vanadium from vanadyl etioporphyrin (VO-EP) without the addition of catalyst. ► This environmental friendly process was acceptable due to the absence of catalyst and short reaction time. ► Overall VO-EP conversion and vanadium removal are 90.51% and 80.26% respectively. ► We proposed a kinetic model fitted with the experimental results following free radical mechanism.