Strength and drying shrinkage properties of concrete containing furnace bottom ash as fine aggregate

The results showed that, at fixed water-cement ratios, the compressive strength and the drying shrinkage decreased with the increase of the FBA sand content. However, at fixed workability, the compressive strength was comparable with that of the control concrete, while the drying shrinkage increased with the increase of the FBA sand content beyond 30% replacement level. Nevertheless, 30% of the natural sand can be beneficially replaced with the FBA sand to produce concrete in the compressive strength range from 40 to 60 N/mm2 without detrimentally affecting drying shrinkage properties of the concrete.