Interface between metabolic balance and reproduction in ruminants: Focus on the hypothalamus and pituitary

Other endocrine systems - the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, the growth hormone (GH) axis and the thyroid hormones - are influenced by metabolic state and are relevant to the interface between metabolic function and reproduction. Special consideration is given to issues such as season and lactation, where the relationship between metabolic hormones and reproductive function is altered.