Shifts in Neandertal mobility, technology and subsistence strategies in western France

We propose a reassessment of Neandertal mobility strategies by crossing technological and zooarchaeological data. A broad comparative approach to the Middle Paleolithic series from western France shows that the Levallois and laminar flaking systems, the Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition (MTA) shaping system and the Quina and discoidal-denticulate flaking systems, vary significantly in terms of duration of reduction sequences, blank versatility and tool maintenance. These technological systems, which prevail in this context over different time periods, reflect distinct mobility strategies as a response to differing hunting practices. This new approach to Middle Paleolithic technologies and related mobility patterns gives new insights into Mousterian diversity. It also highlights the determinant role played by large game hunting strategies in the organization of late Neandertal societies.

► Seasonal and selective hunting strategies emerged at the end of the Middle Paleolithic.
► These shifts are correlated with the development of the Quina and discoidal-denticulate technologies.
► The Levallois/laminar and MTA technologies respond to non selective hunting strategies.
► These alternatives do not fit within a linear and gradual evolutionary trend.
► They provide a novel and comprehensive model for understanding the Mousterian diversity.