Comparison of n-tetradecane/electrolyte emulsions properties stabilized by DPPC and DPPC vesicles in the electrolyte solution

▶ Calcium ions are able to bind, orient and polarize the carbonyl carbon atom in phospholipid molecule. ▶ Only divalent cations have ability to promote DPPC vesicles formation. ▶ Reversal of the ζ potential is probably due to specific adsorption of Ca2+ at the outer surface of DPPC vesicles. ▶ Effect of Ca2+ ions is very important in drug (or nucleic acid) delivery systems. ▶ Behaviour of phospholipid systems is closely depended on the electrolyte concentrations and the ions valence.