Autonomous scheduling of heat-pump water heaters for mitigating voltage rise caused by photovoltaic power generation systems

By using the electricity and hot-water consumption data for a year, we demonstrate the effect of daytime operation in terms of the voltage rise mitigation in a power distribution network caused by the reverse power flow from high-penetration PVS. The result shows that the voltage rise can be mitigated by applying the daytime operation to HPWH of a household with PVS, while the under-voltage condition due to the unnecessary daytime operation can be avoided based on the next day weather forecast.