Continuous flowing membraneless microbial fuel cells with separated electrode chambers

► We designed a new membraneless microbial fuel cell structure and operation model to lower the cost. ► Protons in this model transfer via electrolyte flow, which is more efficient than via membranes. ► The output of this MFC can reach 24.33 mW/m3, and the internal resistance is about 5000 Ω. ► COD removal efficiency after the treatment of this system is 90.45% at flow rate of 25 mL/min. ► This model can be used in Anaerobic/Oxic or Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic wastewater treatment process.