Anti-angiogenic effect of bare titanium dioxide nanoparticles on pathologic neovascularization without unbearable toxicity

In this study, we demonstrate that titanium dioxide nanoparticles suppress pathologic angiogenesis without definite toxicity. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles inhibited in vitro angiogenic processes and in vivo retinal neovascularization. Nevertheless, they did not induce significant toxicity at the level of gene expression, cellular viability, histologic integrity, and apoptotic activity. In general, local administration requires fewer nanoparticles than systemic application. Local delivery can be a safer platform to utilize nanoparticles for therapeutic uses.166