Single-step, label-free quantification of antibody in human serum for clinical applications based on localized surface plasmon resonance

Schematic presentations of "wash-free" and "wash" measurements in both LSPR and SPR. Note that sensing volumes are significantly different between LSPR and SPR. Thus, for SPR, wash-free measurements is not possible due to response from the unknown species. The upper picture shows our assay plate.158